Method of and means for repairing masonry structures



Jan. '16, 1940. B. J. MANY 2,187,324

NETHOD OF AND MEANS FOR REPAIRING MASONRY STRUCTURES Filed Sept. 15,1957 /gtwmu m gam 12.

HIS ATTORNEYS Patented Jan. 1 6 I -mmon ILDF'r'ANDwMEANS For: REPAIRINGf i i i :MASQNB E UCT E H v My winvention relatesito" masonrystructures;

@andahasmamong its objectsiand advantagesathe provision of i an improvedmethod ofcranddmeans rfo r mstructurally rehabilitating mm: "moisturelwInwmany masonry structures,aparticularlyuin amass concrete work;leakagesioccur. .Thetcauses n of such leakage are usually :due.tolseparationrof the aggregates 1 in the fabrication :1 of thestrucvrthelporous or: defective areasaarevlocatedhowthe inaccessibleface of the structured and aietnot visible from: the accessible; face@Theidnfi-ltration of water togetherwith thelgr ound chemicals appear onthe accessiblelgvface. I-t is a recognized ifact that to properly repairsuchideiective areas itl is :necessary to prevent the ingress J of waterfrom the inaccessible face of the structure. In: the past attempts havebeen' -madeto "drill a hole through the structure and thenforce grout orother material through thehole with aview to repairing the defectivearea. T'he"-'treating-material .has been delivered through thegopeningunder high andllow pressuresfibut there isno 35 assurance that the:ma'teriah will be -properly applied to the -:desired area. Treatingmaterial delivered under pressure tends to flow in the direction of thepressureapplied thereto; and after delivery to theopposite side of thewall, the material will follow the lines of least resistance. Itfrequently occurs that the obstruction on the inaccessible face of thewall-includes large channels or openings throug which the material flowsand in'some cases sewers have'been blocked 45and damage caused to otheradjacent installa- 1 tions. i i

:An object of my invention is to provide a method Jof and means":forrepairing. heretofore I such a nature astto penetrate the masonrystrucinaccessible areas in mass concrete construction. 50 Another objectof my invention! iSJt OQ'pIOVidB a novel back pressure method"wherebytreating material may be directly applied under pressure V to theheretofore inaeemible face of the structure. l

"ture. 1 In many cases. thehoney-combedtor .por-

"treating or patching purposes. :In:.many Leases will eventually .causedisintegrated areas to isignedtol convey treating anaterial jhrough-thevwall under-high pressure and;in"which the tool 1 l g is so constructedas to deflect the treat-ing ma-y terial under pressure back upontheydefective lama. n v6 In the taccompanyingdrawingz rEigi l isv asectional view of a masonry struc- 1 ture illustrating themanner inwhich the method is applied to an overheadstructure for directlyapplying a treating material 'tova-sdefective :area

adjacent an obstruction I Fig; H2 is;a- ;sectional view. of 1 themasonry struc -:ture inthe mature of a verticallwall lyingadjacentan"obstruction; 1 I

32;,is a sectional view of 3 the material -defleetin head of myconveyor;.; v l

. Fig. 4. is'a sectionalwiewsalongr the line 44 of F g-..3;eand j 5 is adiagrammatic view illustratingthe manner-=inwhich large defective.areasin the the 1: embodiment se1eetedv to illustrate. any

invention, Fig. 1 illustratesa masonrystructure I0 having adisintegratedarea l2. adjacent the uobstructiom 14' which isillustrated:as constituting earth. "The defective areamayconsist in deepsurface pits orqcavities [I 5. i The structure illustrates-,;interiorcavities [and fissures, qas at l8 awhich,sinwturn; communicate with aseepage channel; or crack 1 :20, which frequently extends" wcornpletelythrough the structure. Obviously, a I disintegrated structure accordingto the illustra- -1ti011 ;of -Fig. lk-cannot be properly treated 'unlessthewtreating' "material ;is directly applied to the fidefectivarea. 1 Toapply the materiaLI- bores.

hole 22 through the wall adjacent -.the seepage channelyllorin line withthe seepage channel. A pressure tool or conveyoristinserted in the hole22 and is so constructed at its end-26 asto :f orcibly deliverthetreatin material in a reverse t directionl-directly againstthe'defective area l 'l. In practicing my invention I prefer to anakeruse of 1a treating material consisting of a filler held in suspensionbya liquid medium. Such material is of afiuid nature and-may-be-effectively applied with an air gun on otherequivalent a devices well knownin the art. Thetrieating ma- ]terial embodies an element ,of penetrationof ture to a depth greaterthan the normal penetration of moisture inthe-structure. When napplied-l to leakage channels and. the dike, thematerial penetrates l-aterallyv of the defective area to a depth-beyondnormal penetration -of moisture.

nt the samentime the leakage channels, surface v rAT; EN?! orriesdeposit of the filler. After application, the ma- "terial sets into afirm homogeneous mass which in the art and need not be described infurther detail.

One end of the pipe 28 is constricted at 86 andincludes an exteriorallythreaded shank 38 having threaded connection with aring which carriesthe deflecting head 42. head is integrally connected in spaced relationwith the ring 40 through the medium of ribs 44.

Theouter end of the head 42 is curved, asat 45,

*to facilitate-insertion through the hole 22. The inner face of the'head42 is concaved, as at 48, which concaved surfaceterminates in 'aconicallyshaped element positioned centrally of the head with its axiscorresponding to the axis of the pipe 28. Ring 40 also has an outerdiameter not exceeding-the outer diameter of thepipe 28 so that the head42 and the ring 48 will pass easily through the'hole 22 with the pipe 28fitting snugly therein.

5 Referring to Fig. 4, it will be noted that the ribs 50 are ovatein'cross section with their major axes aligned radially of the pipe 28.The

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concaved surface. 48" is spaced sufficiently far from the end 52 of thepipe 28 and the ring 40 to provide clearance" for the treating materialdelivered to the defective area l2. The constricted area 36 of the pipe28 terminates in a curvature 54 while the ring 40 includes a curvature56, both of which curvatures define a configuration substantiallyconforming to the shape of the concaved area 48,'thus permitting freeflow of the laterally and backwardly defected material.

In operation, the pipe 28 is pushed into the hole 22 sufficiently far tobring the'end 52 in align- ,ment with or slightly beyond the face of thewall structure to be treated. Upon I the pipe 28 I mount an adjustablecollar 58 arranged to engage the face .60 of the'structure l0for-precisely positioning the head 42 in proper relation with theopposite face of the structure Ill. The collar 58 may be adjusted todifferent positions and secured in position by a bolt 62. The thicknessof the wall is calculated and the collar 58 adjusted to the "properlocation and then made secure. After proper adjustment of the collar,the pipe 28 is merely pushed through the hole 22 until the collar 58engages the face 60.

After the pipe 28 has been positioned as illustrated in Fig. 1, thematerial and compressed air 'is admitted to the pipe through the mediumof any suitable means, not illustrated, and which forms no part of thepresent invention. Such 'valve controls are well known in the art andneed not be described.

Because of the fluid nature of the treating material and the highp'ressureemployed, which frequently'ranges between 350 and 500 poundsper square inch, the material will be discharged forctionedaccordiri'g'to Fig. 1, the treating material The deflecting pits,cavities, and the like will be filled with a will be dischargedlaterally over a suflicient area to cover the defective area l2. Thehigh pressure employed insures application of the treating material byforce directly to the impaired area.

The treating material will flll the pits or cavities l4 and I8 as wellas the seepage channel 20. Because of the penetrating properties of thetreating material, deep penetration is attained, as indicated at 64,while the cavitiesand seepage channels will, be completely filled with abody material, as indicated at 66. Thus, in deeply impregnating theareas contacted by the treating material as well as filling the seepagechannels and cavities with a body material, I prevent any circumventionof moisture around the treated area. After application, the treatingmaterial sets into a firm mass, thereby not only moisture-proofing thestructure but also structurally rehabilitating the same so as to renderthe structure intact.

While Fig. 3 illustrates the head 42 having a [concaved area 48 of agiven configuration, the

head 42 is so designed as to be readily disconnecte'd from the pipe 28to permit substitution of .otherheads 42 of diiferently shaped concavedfaces. Thus, the spread of the material may be determined bysubstituting a head 42 ofa given concavity. In narrowing the ribs 44 inthe manner illustrated in Fig. 4, little resistance is offered tothelaterally moving material. In operation,

the concaved face 48 will, in fact, deflect the treating. material overthe entire surface within a circular area depending upon the degree ofcurvature.

. Inapplying treating material by the back pressureymethod illustrated,I entirely eliminate eX- i cessive waste in addition to providing asystem whereby the, treating material is directly and forciblyapplied tothe area to be treated.

Fig. 2 illustrates the same back pressure system applied to a verticalmasonry'structure in which 1 the obstruction is indicated at 61. Themasonry structure 68 is bored at 10 for receiving the pipe 28 ,with itshead 42 positioned in the same manner as in connection with Fig. 1. Thestructure 68 includes a' transverse seepage channel or crack 12. In bothFigs. 1 and 2, it will be noted that the obstructions l4 and 61 arewashed out at 74.

In many cases the cavities M are of large proportions, and it frequentlyhappens that such cavities communicate With channels or other cav- 1ities. Under such conditions the old method of treatment, whichconsisted inforcibly delivering treating material throughthe hole in thewall, the material will take the path of least resistance with noassurance that any of the treating material would reach the defectivearea. Under such conditions the treating material is wasted, thebuildingstructure is not repaired, and there have been cases wheresewers have been blocked and damage caused to other adjacent structures.

In my method, whether considered under the structural conditions of Fig.1 or 2, the head 42 will forcibly deflect the treating material over thedefective area so as to moisture-proof and structurally rehabilitate theentire area within the range of the head. If the defective area is oflarge proportions, as indicated at 16 in Fig. 5, a number of holes 22may be drilled and the tool shifted from hole to hole to apply thematerial over the entire area 16. After treating the defecl tive area,the tool is removed and the hole or holes plugged.

Without further elaboration, the foregoing will so fully explain myinvention that others may, by applying current knowledge, readily adaptthe 1 same for use under 1 11 claim:

various conditions of service.

1. The method of treating masonry structures having an outer face and aninner face, which consists in boring a hole through the masonrystructure inwardly of its outer face, inserting a treating materialconveyor in said hole, and conveying treatingZmaterial through theconveyor and deflecting the treating material back upon a predeterminedarea on said inner fa eircumjacent said hole. 1 i i 2. The method oftreating masonry structures ,havingan outer face and an inner face,which consists in boring a hole through th structure inwardly of itsouter face, inserting a material conveyer through the hole and,deflecting the material directly and forcibly back upon a predeterminedarea of said inner fac circum jacent said hole. i i 3. A device of thetype described comprising fluid material conveying tube, a, deflectingelementattachedto one end of the tube in spaced relation therewith, saiddeflecting element having a concaved face axially aligned with thetubefor deflecting fluid treating material laterally and in all directionsof the tube and reversely of its fluid treating material conveying tube,a fluid movement therethrough; i i v 4. A device of the type describedcomprising a treating material deflecting head, means for detachablyconnecting the fluid treatingmaterial deflecting head wlththetube, saidfluid treating material deflecting head being arranged in axialalignment with thetube and havinga concaved face for deflecting thefluid treating material laterally in all directions and reversely of itsflow through the tube. i

5. The method of treating masonry structure having an outer faceand aninnerface, which consists in providing an opening through the structureinwardly of its outer face, positioning material deflecting means inaxial alignment with said opening a predetermined distance be yond saidinner face, and conveying fluid treating material forcibly through saidopening and impinging the same against said deflecting means to deflectthe treating material upon a predetermined area on the inner facecircumjacent said opening. i v i l 6. The method of treating masonrystructures havingan outer face and an inner face; which "consists inproviding an opening through the

